{"id":2287,"date":"2025-09-26T11:10:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T04:10:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.its.ac.id\/publikasi\/?p=2287"},"modified":"2025-09-26T11:10:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T04:10:54","slug":"analysis-of-so2-emissions-and-thermal-anomalies-from-the-eruption-of-mount-lewotobi-laki-laki-in-november-2024-using-google-earth-engine-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.its.ac.id\/publikasi\/en\/2025\/09\/26\/analysis-of-so2-emissions-and-thermal-anomalies-from-the-eruption-of-mount-lewotobi-laki-laki-in-november-2024-using-google-earth-engine-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of SO2 Emissions and Thermal Anomalies from the Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki in November 2024 Using Google Earth Engine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"authors\">\n<div class=\"author\"><strong>Febryanto Pratama<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-author-affilitation\">Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"author\"><strong>Lalu Muhamad Jaelani<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-author-affilitation\">Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"summary\" class=\"article-summary\">\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article-abstract\">\n<p>Mount Lewotobi is one of the active volcanoes located in Wulanggitang District, East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in November 2024 has been detected showing significant volcanic activity. This volcanic activity has been detected emitting volcanic gas emissions and significant lava flows that could affect air quality, structures, and the surrounding ecosystem. SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0emissions and hotspot areas were analyzed using remote sensing data from Sentinel-5P (TROPOMI), Sentinel-2 (MSI), and Landsat-8 (OLI). Data processing was conducted using the Google Earth Engine platform to obtain spatial and temporal analyses of SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0concentrations in the air and heat sources generated by volcanic activity. The Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) method was applied to identify and map hotspots generated by volcanic activity. The results of SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0levels showed a maximum value of 300,831 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 and an average of 71,928 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 occurring on November 9, 2024. The classification of hotspot distribution indicated a range from high to moderate to low. The total number of hotspots measured was 51 on Landsat-8 and 278 on Sentinel-2. The statistical test results for Landsat-8 data showed no significant correlation between SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0measurements and hotspot measurements, whereas the results for Sentinel-2 showed an inverse correlation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journal.its.ac.id\/index.php\/inderaja\/article\/view\/5968\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Febryanto Pratama Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia Lalu Muhamad Jaelani Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia Abstract Mount Lewotobi is one of the active volcanoes located in Wulanggitang District, East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in November 2024 has been detected [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":250,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[222],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inderaja-journal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Analysis of SO2 Emissions and Thermal Anomalies from the Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki in November 2024 Using Google Earth Engine - IJC ( ITS Journal Center )<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.its.ac.id\/publikasi\/en\/2025\/09\/26\/analysis-of-so2-emissions-and-thermal-anomalies-from-the-eruption-of-mount-lewotobi-laki-laki-in-november-2024-using-google-earth-engine-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analysis of SO2 Emissions and Thermal Anomalies from the Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki in November 2024 Using Google Earth Engine - IJC ( ITS Journal Center )\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Febryanto Pratama Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia Lalu Muhamad Jaelani Department of Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia Abstract Mount Lewotobi is one of the active volcanoes located in Wulanggitang District, East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. 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