{"id":112644,"date":"2026-10-25T18:45:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T11:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.its.ac.id\/news\/?p=112644"},"modified":"2026-10-25T18:45:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T11:45:41","slug":"dilema-motherhood-penalty-dalam-menyandang-gelar-keibuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.its.ac.id\/news\/dilema-motherhood-penalty-dalam-menyandang-gelar-keibuan\/","title":{"rendered":"Dilema Motherhood Penalty dalam Menyandang Gelar Keibuan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Potret
Potret realitas beban ganda yang dihadapi oleh ibu pekerja (Sumber: kumparan.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kampus ITS, Opini \u2014<\/b> Kehadiran anak semestinya membawa kebahagiaan, bukan membatasi peluang perempuan dalam meniti karier di dunia kerja. Namun, fenomena motherhood penalty<\/i> kerap terjadi dan memberikan kerugian profesional bagi perempuan setelah menjadi seorang ibu. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Istilah <\/span>motherhood penalty<\/span><\/i> pertama kali dicetuskan oleh sosiolog Michelle J. Budig dan Paula England pada 2001 melalui studi <\/span>The Wage Penalty for Motherhood<\/span><\/i>. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan adanya penalti upah yang berkaitan dengan status keibuan. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh perubahan jam kerja, berkurangnya akumulasi pengalaman kerja, serta bias pemberi kerja terhadap perempuan yang memiliki anak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di Indonesia, tantangan tersebut mengakar pada stigma bahwa ibu pekerja memiliki komitmen yang lebih rendah. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh minimnya dukungan pembiayaan cuti melahirkan serta belum meratanya fasilitas pengasuhan anak. Alhasil, ketika beban pengasuhan sepenuhnya ditumpuk pada perempuan, peluang mereka untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan karier menjadi semakin terbatas. <\/span><\/p>\n

Fenomena ini turut melanggengkan budaya patriarki dan ketimpangan pembagian kerja rumah tangga. Konstruksi sosial yang menempatkan perempuan sebagai pengasuh utama menimbulkan beban ganda bagi ibu pekerja. Tanpa pembagian tanggung jawab yang setara antarpasangan, ibu pekerja harus membagi waktu dan energi antara pekerjaan profesional dan pengasuhan anak.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Potret
Potret nyata seorang ibu yang membawa anaknya bekerja akibat minimnya perlindungan maternal dan fasilitas daycare yang tak memadai (Sumber: Kompas.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tantangan lainnya muncul ketika ibu memilih menggunakan layanan penitipan anak. Prasangka bahwa menitipkan anak sama dengan mengabaikan kasih sayang menjadi tekanan tersendiri bagi ibu pekerja. Akibatnya, ibu pekerja menghadapi dilema antara melanjutkan karier di tengah tekanan sosial atau memprioritaskan pengasuhan anak dengan risiko terbatasnya peluang kerja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dalam pasar kerja, fenomena ini berdampak pada penurunan partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan. Laporan Bank Dunia 2024 mencatat bahwa kehadiran anak berusia di bawah 12 bulan menurunkan tingkat partisipasi kerja ibu hingga 20 persen. Selaras dengan temuan tersebut, laporan Indonesia Business Coalition for Women Empowerment (IBCWE) 2025 mencatat sekitar 40 persen perempuan terpaksa keluar dari sektor formal setelah melahirkan dan menjadi pekerja pengasuhan tak berbayar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Selain memengaruhi keberlanjutan karier, <\/span>motherhood penalty<\/span><\/i> juga tercermin dalam kesenjangan upah. Riset Universitas Indonesia 2020 yang menggunakan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) menunjukkan bahwa kesenjangan upah antara ibu dan perempuan tanpa anak di Indonesia mencapai 10,4 persen. Kerugian ini paling dirasakan ibu pekerja informal yang memiliki keterbatasan perlindungan maternal dan akses terhadap layanan penitipan anak.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ilustrasi
Ilustrasi ketimpangan pembagian kerja di mana seorang ibu mengasuh bayi sementara pasangannya sibuk dengan hal lain (Sumber: abc.net.au)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fenomena ini memperlebar kesenjangan upah gender secara menyeluruh di tingkat nasional. Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Mei 2026 mencatat kesenjangan upah antara pekerja laki-laki dan perempuan mencapai 22 persen. Meskipun bukan satu-satunya penyebab, tanggung jawab perawatan tak berbayar yang lebih banyak ditanggung perempuan berkontribusi besar terhadap ketimpangan tersebut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dampak <\/span>motherhood penalty <\/span><\/i>tidak berhenti pada karier dan pendapatan individu, tetapi juga berpotensi memengaruhi perekonomian nasional. Akibatnya, potensi produktivitas mereka belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Menurut analisis Bank Dunia pada tahun 2023, perekonomian Indonesia berpotensi meningkat hingga 62 miliar dolar AS per tahun melalui investasi layanan pengasuhan anak yang terjangkau untuk mendorong partisipasi kerja perempuan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Oleh karena itu, penanganan <\/span>motherhood penalty<\/span><\/i> diperlukan agar perempuan dapat menjalankan peran pengasuhan tanpa mengorbankan karier. Pemerintah dan pemberi kerja perlu memperkuat perlindungan setelah melahirkan, menyediakan layanan pengasuhan yang terjangkau, serta menjamin kesempatan kerja yang setara. Dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat juga diperlukan untuk mendorong pembagian tanggung jawab pengasuhan yang lebih adil. <\/span>(*)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ditulis oleh:
\n<\/b>Naila Zalfa Hamidah
\n<\/b>Departemen Studi Pembangunan
\n<\/b>Angkatan 2025<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kampus ITS, Opini \u2014 Kehadiran anak semestinya membawa kebahagiaan, bukan membatasi peluang perempuan dalam meniti karier di dunia kerja. Namun, fenomena motherhood penalty kerap terjadi dan memberikan kerugian profesional bagi perempuan setelah menjadi seorang ibu. \u00a0 Istilah motherhood penalty pertama kali dicetuskan oleh sosiolog Michelle J. Budig dan Paula England pada 2001 melalui studi The […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":807,"featured_media":112648,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3761,4,3687],"tags":[3984,3231],"class_list":["post-112644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gender-equality","category-opini","category-work-economic-growth","tag-afa","tag-kai"],"yoast_head":"\nDilema Motherhood Penalty dalam Menyandang Gelar Keibuan - ITS News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pekerja perempuan mengalami kerugian menjadi seorang ibu. 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